Heart disease in dogs is often a silent and progressive condition, developing gradually until the signs become more obvious—and more urgent. Recognizing those early warning signs can significantly improve your dog’s comfort, treatment success, and longevity.
At Stack Veterinary Hospital in Syracuse, New York, we specialize in the early detection, diagnosis, and management of canine heart disease. Whether your dog has already been diagnosed or you’re noticing new symptoms, this guide is here to help you better understand what heart disease looks like and how to take action.
What Is Canine Heart Disease?
Canine heart disease refers to a variety of conditions that impair the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently. Some forms are congenital (present at birth), but most are acquired over time, particularly in middle-aged or senior dogs.
Common Types of Heart Disease in Dogs
- Mitral Valve Disease (MVD)
One of the most common heart conditions in small breed dogs, MVD occurs when the mitral valve weakens and leaks.
Learn more from PDSA - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Often seen in large breeds like Dobermans and Great Danes, DCM causes the heart muscle to become thin and stretched, reducing its ability to pump effectively. - Pulmonary Hypertension
High blood pressure in the lungs can strain the heart and reduce oxygen delivery. This is often secondary to other illnesses.
Explore pulmonary hypertension in dogs – Today’s Veterinary Practice - Heartworm Disease
Caused by parasitic worms spread by mosquitoes. It damages the heart and lungs over time but is preventable with consistent monthly medication. - Hemangiosarcoma
A cancerous tumor that can affect the heart and cause sudden collapse or bleeding.
More on hemangiosarcoma from Cornell University
What Causes Heart Disease in Dogs?
Breed Predisposition
Genetics play a big role. Some breeds are more prone to heart conditions than others.
- Small breeds (e.g., Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Dachshund): Prone to mitral valve disease
- Large breeds (e.g., Doberman Pinscher, Boxer): More susceptible to DCM
Check breed-specific risks – Pawlicy Dictionary
Other Risk Factors
- Age: Senior dogs are more likely to develop heart issues
Preventive screening for older pets – Zoetis Petcare - Obesity: Excess weight increases the strain on the heart
- Lifestyle: Sedentary pets and those on high-sodium diets may be at increased risk
Early Signs of Heart Disease in Dogs
Early detection is critical. The earlier you recognize the signs, the more options your veterinarian has for managing the condition.
Read more about symptoms – Morris Animal Foundation
Symptoms to Watch For:
- Persistent cough, especially at night or after light activity
- Shortness of breath or labored breathing
- Tiring easily on walks or during play
- Fainting or collapsing (due to lack of blood flow)
- Loss of appetite or gradual weight loss
- Swollen belly (fluid buildup/ascites)
- Increased thirst or urination
- Restlessness at night
If you notice any of these signs—especially more than one—schedule a veterinary visit right away.
Diagnosing Heart Disease: What to Expect at the Vet
A proper diagnosis typically requires a combination of physical exams, imaging, and laboratory tests.
Learn more about heart disease diagnostics – Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine
Diagnostic Tools
- Physical Exam
Your vet may detect a heart murmur or irregular rhythm by listening with a stethoscope - X-rays
Evaluate heart size, detect fluid in the lungs, and assess surrounding structures - Echocardiogram (Heart Ultrasound)
Provides a detailed look at the heart’s anatomy and pumping function
How dog echocardiograms work – Zoetis Petcare - Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Detects abnormal electrical activity in the heart, such as arrhythmias
Electrocardiogram explained – WagWalking - Blood Work
Checks organ function and may include heart-specific markers
Treatment Options for Canine Heart Disease
While most heart disease is not curable, it is manageable—especially when caught early.
Medications
- Diuretics: Help remove excess fluid
- ACE Inhibitors: Reduce blood pressure and heart strain
- Pimobendan: Improves heart muscle function
- Antiarrhythmic medications: Regulate irregular heartbeats
Lifestyle and Diet
- Low-sodium diet: Reduces fluid retention
- Moderate, vet-guided exercise: Keeps circulation healthy without overloading the heart
- Weight management: Essential to reduce cardiac workload
Advanced Interventions
- Pacemaker placement: For dogs with severe arrhythmias
- Heart valve surgery: Available at specialty centers in select cases
Your veterinarian will customize your dog’s treatment based on their diagnosis, symptoms, and overall health status.
Prevention and Early Intervention
What You Can Do Now
- Start preventive heartworm medication if not already on one
- Schedule yearly wellness exams, even if your dog seems healthy
- Monitor subtle changes like reduced stamina, appetite, or coughing
For high-risk breeds, consider annual echocardiograms or breed-specific heart screenings starting in middle age.
When to Seek Immediate Veterinary Care
Call your veterinarian—or visit an emergency clinic—if you notice:
- Sudden collapse or fainting
- Open-mouth breathing or blue gums
- Unrelenting coughing or inability to rest comfortably
- Severe abdominal swelling or signs of pain
Stack Veterinary Hospital offers emergency and specialty cardiology care, including diagnostics, treatment, and ongoing support.
Contact Stack Veterinary Hospital if your dog is showing any signs of heart distress.
Compassionate Cardiology Care at Stack Veterinary Hospital
Heart disease can sound frightening—but with the right care, many dogs live full, happy lives. Our experienced team at Stack Veterinary Hospital is here to guide you through every step, from diagnosis to treatment and long-term management.
If you’re worried about your dog’s heart health, don’t wait. Request an appointment today.
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