How to Tell If Your Dog Has a Torn ACL—and What to Do Next
Seeing your dog limp, hesitate to play, or struggle to stand is heartbreaking. One of the most common orthopedic issues behind these signs is a torn ACL—technically referred to in dogs as a cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury. This ligament is essential for knee stability, and when it’s damaged, it can lead to significant pain, inflammation, and long-term joint problems.
At Stack Veterinary Hospital in Syracuse, NY, we identify and treat cruciate ligament injuries with comprehensive care. Whether your dog is an energetic retriever or a quiet couch companion, our goal is to guide you through the signs of a CCL tear, the treatment options available, and what to expect during recovery.
Learn more from Colorado State University: Canine Cruciate Ligament Injury
What Is the Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL)?
The CCL is the canine equivalent of the human ACL. It stabilizes the knee by preventing the tibia (shin bone) from sliding forward beneath the femur (thigh bone). When the ligament tears—whether partially or completely—your dog will experience pain, inflammation, and instability in the affected leg.
What Causes ACL Tears in Dogs?
CCL tears can happen suddenly or develop over time due to wear and tear. Common causes include:
- Sudden trauma from running, jumping, or slipping
- Degenerative changes in the ligament, especially in older or large-breed dogs
- Obesity, which increases pressure on the joints and accelerates damage
Is your dog limping? See AKC’s guide.
Signs Your Dog May Have a Torn CCL
Recognizing the symptoms early can make a big difference in your dog’s outcome. Look for:
- Limping or not bearing weight on one back leg
- Trouble standing up or climbing stairs
- A stiff or awkward gait
- Swelling around the knee
- “Toe-touching” posture when standing still
Partial vs. Complete Tears
- Partial tears may cause intermittent limping, especially after exercise.
- Complete tears usually result in constant lameness and visible joint instability.
Why You Shouldn’t Wait to Treat a CCL Tear
If left untreated, a torn CCL can lead to:
- Severe arthritis in the affected joint
- Compensatory injuries in the opposite leg
- Decreased quality of life due to chronic pain
How Vets Diagnose ACL Injuries in Dogs
Physical Exam
Your veterinarian will look for classic signs like the drawer sign (abnormal joint movement) and assess your dog’s gait, posture, and pain levels.
Imaging
- X-rays help rule out fractures and show signs of arthritis or joint effusion.
- Advanced imaging (MRI or ultrasound) may be used for complex or inconclusive cases.
Treatment Options for a Torn CCL
Non-Surgical (Conservative) Management
Best for small or low-activity dogs, this approach includes:
- 6–8 weeks of restricted activity
- Weight management to reduce joint strain
- Joint supplements (glucosamine, chondroitin, omega-3s)
- Structured physical therapy
Surgical Treatment Options
Surgery is typically the most effective and lasting solution for larger, active dogs.
TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy)
- Changes the angle of the tibia to stabilize the knee without relying on the ligament
- Ideal for large and athletic breeds
- Recovery: 12–16 weeks
TTA (Tibial Tuberosity Advancement)
- Adjusts the knee mechanics to prevent instability
- Suited for medium to large active dogs
- Recovery: 12–16 weeks
Extracapsular Repair (Lateral Suture Technique)
- A synthetic suture mimics the function of the torn ligament
- Ideal for smaller, less active dogs
- Recovery: 8–12 weeks
Post-Surgery Recovery and Rehab
Recovery Timeline
- Weeks 1–4: Controlled rest, gentle leash walks, and passive motion exercises
- Weeks 5–8: Begin supervised rehab and introduce low-impact movement
- Weeks 9–12: Focus on strengthening and return to normal activity
Rehabilitation Therapies
- Hydrotherapy (underwater treadmill): Builds strength without stress
- Cold laser therapy: Reduces inflammation and promotes healing
- Massage/stretching: Improves comfort and flexibility
How to Prevent Future ACL Injuries
- Keep your dog at a healthy weight
- Avoid high-impact activities, especially on slick surfaces
- Use ramps instead of stairs when possible
- Incorporate joint-supportive supplements early
Is Your Dog Showing Signs of a CCL Tear? We’re Here to Help.
At Stack Veterinary Hospital, we understand how important mobility is to your dog’s quality of life. Our experienced team can diagnose the issue quickly and work with you to find the best treatment path—whether that’s surgery, rehabilitation, or conservative management.
A torn CCL doesn’t have to be the end of your dog’s active lifestyle. With early care and a thoughtful recovery plan, most dogs regain strength, stability, and their joyful bounce. Let us help you take the next step.
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